Ummagumma

The start of the Longstreet Attacks scenario. The Confederates are to the right (east), the Federals to the left (west). Both sides have already constructed breastworks which was common by this stage of the war. Wood's division is in column ready to move to the north just as Johnson's division of Hood's Corps attacks Brotherton Field. Longstreet and Rosecrans can be seen in the lower right and left corners, respectively. The game prints the various Rebel corps in a different shade of butternut or gray. The Yankee corps are in differing shades of blue. The battle extends beyond the area captured on this map.  This is a BIG game at a regiment scale. The biggest weakness in the “realism” of board style wargames is that you can see where everybody is on the board. Certain games hide it somewhat but you kind of always know what’s near any given unit of your side. That is an enormous advantage that did not occur historically. Particularly at the time of the Napoleonic Wars or the...

[ Read all my Iran stuff. ] Note (October 12, 2026): This post has been updated to reflect actual civilian casualty estimates. Since late last year, I’ve been enjoying David Stahel’s outstanding series of books on the German operations against Soviet Russia in 1941. I hope to review his body of work in the future. Back in May I quoted Stahel and it bears repeating: “It is important to remember that battlefield victories are not ends in themselves. Their worth is calculated from the strategic possibilities, military or political, that these stimulate.” Although the quote is universally applicable, Stahel was writing about Barbarossa, one of the most extraordinary military campaigns ever. The Germans captured millions of Soviet troops, destroyed multiple armies while advancing hundreds of miles into the Soviet Union. They were winning everywhere. Yet, Stahel argues that somewhere in the middle of all that success Germany was already losing the war strategically. The victories stimulated ...

Since I watched videos pertaining to my recent post , there has been sooooo much Göbekli Tepe clickbait in my YouTube feed lately. "The world's oldest temple." "The mysterious sanctuary that rewrites human history." Then a thumbnail appears showing some ancient limestone pillar next to an ominous-looking guy pointing at it like he just found proof that the Neolithic had Wi-Fi. It is mostly bullshit. Maybe Göbekli Tepe was a temple site. No one knows. That is the first thing to say. There is no surviving text. No named god. No prayer. No priestly rulebook. No account of what people thought they were doing there. No carved little sign saying, "Welcome to the Temple of the Great Fox. Please leave your offering at the front desk." There are, however, enormous limestone pillars. There are animals everywhere. There are lots of animal bones. There are some human remains, though the site does not appear to be a cemetery or a place where people we...

In July 2024 I wrote two posts about Sudan (see here and here ). The war had already run more than a year. Khartoum was being destroyed. Darfur was returning to the ethnic killing that made its name infamous twenty years ago. Millions displaced. Hunger spreading. Hospitals collapsing. The death estimate then: somewhere around 13,000 to 15,000, mostly civilians. Almost no one in the West was talking about it. Still isn't. Yet it was already one of the worst situations on earth. Ukraine became a war of attrition. Gaza took the headlines. Then the Israeli-US-Iran war. Israel has a special relationship with America. Sudan does not. South Sudan does not. Chad does not. Ethiopia does not. Some places become catastrophe as an ongoing fact rather than an event. Nobody denies it's happening. They just don't look. I read a piece this morning titled " Sudan: The Deadliest War You're Not Hearing About. " A little dramatic for my taste. But the point stands. Sudan'...

A small part of  Göbekli Tepe with the viewing platform at its edge. There's a place in southern Turkey, on a limestone ridge, that shatters entire worldviews. This is undeniably something we can put our hands on. Human beings made this place circa 11,000 years ago. Other than late-paleo cave paintings, this is the oldest human stuff we can physically touch. Göbekli Tepe . The name means "potbelly hill." The site predates Stonehenge by 6,000 years. The Great Pyramid of Giza by 7,000. Everything scientists “understood” about the origins of organized human society — the clean progression from agriculture to settlement to religion to monuments — this place inverts it. First came the gathering. Then came everything else. That's unsettling in a specific way. The old story was comforting. It told us civilization was a logical climb. First you feed yourself reliably, then you can afford to think bigger. The monument comes last, as a kind of reward for having organized your...

I sat down yesterday afternoon just to quickly check the news and see if anything major was happening. I was shocked by the reports I was reading. We seem to be witnessing something that has not happened in modern Western history since 1986: an overt attempt by the United States, alongside Israel, to kill the sitting head of a sovereign state. This is not a militia commander or transnational jihadist, nor even a general operating in the gray zone between war and proxy conflict. This is a constitutional head of state of a recognized country. The last comparable moment was 1986, when the United States struck Libya and targeted Muammar Gaddafi. He survived. Since then, Western powers have toppled regimes through invasion and attrition, but they have not openly executed a decapitation strike against a sovereign leader. Saddam Hussein fell after a ground invasion and regime collapse. Gaddafi died in the chaos of civil war. Osama bin Laden was not a head of state. Qassem Soleimani was not...